This is a generalized condition of bones  resulting in substantial reduction of calcium and weakening of bone structure.  The most common areas of  complicating fractures are spinal  vertebrae  and hip fractures.

The following are general predisposing conditions: Caucasian or Asian races; small or thin build; family history of osteoporosis with or without fractures; early menopause; smoking; inactive lifestyle; excessive alcohol use.

The following medications can predispose to the development of osteoporosis: corticosteroids; anticoagulants; anticonvulsants; immunosuppressive agents, including methytrexate; aluminum-containing antacids; theophyllin...

Many diseases predispose  to osteoporosis, including: hyperthyroidism; diabetes mellitis; inflammatory bowel disease; lactose intolerance, post-gastrectomy; anorexia nervosa or bulemia; early menopause or menopause without estrogen replacement;  exercise-induced amenorrhea; organ transplantation...

Diagnosis is made by history and physical examination and is confirmed by blood tests and specifically by bone densitometry.

Preventive treatment should include calcium, 1000 to 1,500 mg per day;  Vitamin D, 400 to 800 international units per day;  post-menopausal estrogen replacement if there is no contra- indication; and exercise.

Specific treatment, after documentation,  includes Fosamax, Miacalcin, hormone replacement  and/or Evista.  These are potent medications, and all require individualized coordination with and prescription by your family doctor, internist or endocrinologist.

As usual, prevention is a great deal better than treatment.  Both quality and duration of life depend in part upon avoiding this common curse of the elderly - both men and especially women.

GS